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ROJEK.TV - Ameryka Północna - AktualnoÂści - Nicaragua 2011

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20.01.2012 13:32:08
Nicaragua 2011

Kolonialnych miejsc w Ameryce Łacińskiej jest bardzo wiele, ale dla mnie najbardziej przemawiają swoją autentycznością miasta Nicaraguii - Granada, Masaya i Leon. Może bierze się to stąd, iż Nicaragua jest trochę w tyle turystycznie w stosunku do takich potęg turystycznych jak Meksyk, czy Guatemala.

Jezioro Nicaragua (Cocibolca) pod względem obszaru jest 19 - tym co do wielkości jeziorem na świecie i 9 - tym w Ameryce. Powierzchnia jeziora to 8264 km kwadratowe /177 km na 58 km/. Na jeziorze znajduje się największa wyspa wulkaniczna na świecie na akwenie słodkowodnym - Ometepe o powierzchni 273 km kwadratowych. Wyspa Ometepe 22 listopada 2010 roku została włączona przez UNESCO do Światowej Sieci Rezerwatów Biosfery. 

Granada i Leon zostały założone w tym samym czasie przez de Cordobę i zawsze rywalizowały o miano najważniejszego miasta tego regionu. Leon, który był ulokowany bardzo blisko wulkanu Momotombo, został przeniesiony w 1610 roku o 20 mil na zachód od starej lokalizacji. Powodu zmiany lokalizacji nie znamy. Hipotezy mówią o zniszczeniu miasta przez wybuch wulkanu, ale wykopaliska archeologiczne tego nie potwierdzają. Inna hipoteza o poszukiwaniu bardziej urodzajnej ziemi i niewolników do pracy na niej też jest trochę naciągana, a fakt szybkiego wybudowania nowego Leon z rozebranych budowli starego już całkiem miesza te hipotezy. Granada zaś rozwój zawdzięczała swojemu położeniu nad Jeziorem Cocibolca, które poprzez rzekę San Juan miało połączenie z Atlantykiem, co wykorzystywano do transportu pomiędzy oceanami. Po wywalczeniu niepodległości w 1838 roku oba te miasta zaczęły mocno rywalizować o wpływy w nowej republice, co skończyło się wojnami domowymi w 1840 i 1850 roku. Liberałowie z Leon i konserwatyści z Granady przystali w końcu na kompromis i stolicą została Managua, która jest pomiędzy tymi miastami.

Początki zorganizowanej społeczności na terenach obecnej Nicaragui archeologowie odkryli w rejonie obecnego miasta Rivas i wyspy Ometepe /petroglify/. Kolumb dotarł tam w swojej czwartej wyprawie wzdłuż przesmyku panamskiego w 1502 roku.

Galeria

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